12/31/2013

For Sale!!!

By Flywheel 12:41 PM 1 comment

This blog is for sale. USD1000 only. please contact me for more. with adsense account :) already make some earning

5/18/2013

Rossi Back With Yamaha Team

By Flywheel 4:04 PM Rossi, Yamaha Factory Racing 3 comments

It's an old story, but can't stop myself from writing it, as it was a part of a moment which a legend had made a great decision to get back with his old team - Yamaha, the most successful team in MotoGP History.

I'm sure all of Yamaha fans regret when he quit his contract on Yamaha back on 2011, (me too) it was such unbelievable moment, and Rossi statement was pretty cruel, broke everyone's feeling, (even we still had to consider his decision. I still remember it, where Rossi was quoted to say " It's really nice to get back in the race with my own national technology- Ducati". Yes, sounds patriotic! And that's the moment when we had to say good bye with tears on our eyes. And for me, it's really worthy and showing how really serious Ducati to make a big history in their business in MotoGP.

Remember around August 2012, when the rumors widely spread that The Doctor is going to back with Yamaha? Surely such a nice and unbelievable news right? But, that's it. When I say Rossi back with Yamaha, I believe he made a right choice to get back with Yamaha team. Seems, the destiny really to put them together. Who knows, who can expect, their collaboration didn't success enough? Welcome back Rossi, he will be with Yamaha Factory Racing for two years contract, since last April.

Anyway, here is the video explaining the situation and reason why he left Ducati.

Valentino Rossi explains his move from Ducati to Yamaha

Keep Calm, Rock with Yamaha.

Yamaha Dealer for Malaysia

By Flywheel 12:18 PM Company, Yamaha Dealer 1 comment

I think it won't be enough if I didn't help you guys to get valid source for more info about any Yamaha model in Malaysia. So, let me give you a reliable source to help you guys with it.

For your information, Hong Leong Yamaha is the only one distributor with license from Yamaha company. Being the only onle Yamaha dealer in Malaysia, they have done a great job since 1982 if I'm not mistaken. Congratulation to them, for being the only one, who had a deal to distribute Yamaha bike for Malaysian market. As you might now, some country in the world doesn't have chance to own any Yamaha bike as there are no dealer in their country. Lucky us to have Hong Leong Yamaha as the only Yamaha Dealer in Malaysia.

So, here is the link for Yamaha dealer in Malaysia

Hong Leong Yamaha Motors Sdn. Bhd

5/14/2013

Yamaha Motorcycles: How The Legend Began

By Flywheel 2:51 AM History, Yamaha 11 comments

Yamaha makes some great motorcycles and motorbikes for every style of riding. The collection ranges from the sleek and speedy R1 and R6 motorbike series to the king of the road Star motorcycle series and the Vmax motorcycles. If you are into off-road competition, then Yamaha makes an excellent line of YZ off-road and dirt motorbikes. There are a number of top notch places to find information about the Yamaha motorcycles and they are worth investigating.
The motorcycle news site Motorcycle USA provides plenty of in-depth information to sort through the many different styles that Yamaha offers. If you like to sit back for a road trip, the Royal Star motorcycle is a great bike for road trips. If you have a need for speed, then the YZF-R1 that has won two superbike championships will be your flavor. Whatever you choice is, Yamaha motorcycle news will keep you up to date on the ever-changing styles and new features that Yamaha Motorcycles offers.
Yamaha has had a long history in the motorcycle industry; it was one of the very first street-bikes to be imported into the United States. The 1981-1983 Yamaha Virago Motorcycle is a strong motorcycle that still roams the highways to this day. There is even a dedicated motorcycle blog site set up by Virago owners for Virago owners.
You will find tips and tricks, discussions on modifications and improvements of the Virago Motorcycle, and even for sale bikes and parts on the Yamaha Virago motorcycle blog. The Yamaha Motorcycle blog and motorcycle news site also have a special write up that allows Virago 750 cc and up owners to convert from a dual carburetor setup to a nice single carburetor set up.
The Yamaha Motorcycle news site is designed for the Yamaha rider. You will find plenty of news, racing, accessories, and apparel wear on the site. Navigation is simple and if you are looking for a new Yamaha motorbike, you have the option to build one for yourself, with and without options, different colors, and styles. After the virtual build, you will even be given a price and a location to which dealership will have your design in stock.
Many of the new Yamaha's on the road come equipped with many different features not found or considered an option on other makes. The Yamaha Supersport touring motorcycle comes complete with cruise control, increased traction control, a new innovation that lets the rider set the performance of their motorcycle depending on the terrain they are riding. In addition, with the new engine cowl that Yamaha has put on the front o their motorbikes, they have taken on a sleek, beautiful, and aerodynamic look on their new motorcycles. The new Supersport touring motorcycle puts the fun back into touring for the adventurous.
So if you are thinking about buying a new Yamaha, check out their motorcycle blog and motorbike news site. You will find all the information you will need to want to go jump on and take your first test run.

Xmotorcycle is the top motorcycle blog for news, reviews, racing, and everything else you love about bikes.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/7509227

4/05/2013

I'm back

By Flywheel 4:19 PM Personal 2 comments

Hey, just a short post this time. I'm back, and will try to keep this blog alive. I'm truly sorry for all unanswered emails and comments. Anyway, thanks for keep on coming. See ya~

(Thanks for my new blogger mate for insisting me to keep on writing ^^ )

12/05/2008

Yamaha 135LC History

By Flywheel 2:58 PM 135LC, Review 20 comments

The Yamaha Y135LC debuted in 2005 for Thai and Indonesian market before brought in Malaysian market in February 2006. The Y135LC was designed by the headquarters of Yamaha Motor Company in Japan for Asean market. The model was very successful in Southeast Asia especially in Malaysia.

To promote the Y135LC, Yamaha organized an Asean road tour known as the Yamaha Pan Asean Tour, traveling 9,000 km on roads in Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore and Philippines, which ended on May 2006. For your information, it have their own named, different due to their country. The Yamaha Spark 135i, or Yamaha T135 as the experts call the motorcycle. To be honest the Yamaha Spark 135 has many names in the Philippines the Spark is known as the Yamaha Sniper and in Indonesia as the Yamaha Jupiter MX and some parts of the world the Yamaha Spark 135i is known by the simple name of just Yamaha 135LC.

Yamaha 135LC (Malaysia Version)

Yamaha 135LC Limited Edition (Malaysia Version)

References

^ The 2008 Yamaha Spark 135i, with Fuel Injection - Motorcycle Thailand. Accessed on 11 May 2008.
^ "Yamaha 135LC Extreme Spirit", Roda-Roda, September 2007.

See also

12/04/2008

Yamaha 135LC Review

By Flywheel 8:59 AM 135LC, Review 12 comments

It was long time ago in the August 2006, when i'm on the way to Kuala Lumpur. Suddenly I heard my lecturers conversation about the new Yamaha model, which published in the newspaper on that day. The 1st impression when I see the advertisement was... WHOA!!! It really come forward with enthusiastic, sporty and elegant attribute (except it's head Yamaha 135LC, also known as Yamaha Spark 135 in Thailand, Yamaha Sniper in Philippines and Yamaha Jupiter MX in Indonesia. It is a small underbone bodied motorcycle manufactured by Yamaha Motor Company which is also a moped or underbone model with the second-largest displacement behind Suzuki Raider 150. And I began to imagine how powerful it is to conquer all over Malaysian road. By the way, in 2008, the fuel-injected version of the Yamaha Spark 135 was launched for Thai market, making it the second underbone motorcycle using the fuel injection system after the Honda Wave 125i.
This is the specification and features of the Yamaha LC that I would like to present:

Specification

Model code: T135
Engine: SOHC 4-valve 4-stroke 135cc water-cooled engine
Cylinder arrangement: Forward-inclined single cylinder
Displacement: 134.9 cc
Max power: 8.45 kW (11.33 PS) @ 8,500 rpm
Max torque: 11.65 Nm @ 5,500 rpm
Max speed: 162 km/h
Bore x stroke: 54.0 x 58.7 mm
Compression ratio: 10.9 : 1
Transmission: Constant mesh 4-speed
Clutch: Wet, multiple-disk and centrifugal automatic (optional manual clutch model is also available)
Fuel system: Fuel injection (2008 Yamaha Spark 135i in Thailand only); Mikuni VM22 carburetor with throttle position sensor (other countries)
Frame Type: Diamond-shaped underbone steel tube
Suspension (Front): Telescopic
Suspension (Rear): Monoshock
Brake (Front): Single-piston disc, Dual-piston disc - 135LC Extreme Spirit (Malaysia)
Brake (Rear): Drum
Dry weight: 103 kg
Fuel tank capacity: 4.0 L

Features

DiASil (die-cast aluminum cylinder) which has better heat conductance to dissipate excessive heat easily.
Lighter forged piston
Roller bearing rocker arms with less friction than typical rocker arms.
4-valve water-cooled engine - The 4-valve engine configuration provides better volumetric efficiency compared with other 4-stroke moped models which uses 2-valve engine design, enabling the engine to produce higher torque at high rpm. However, the engine displacement of 135cc limits the ability of air-cooling system while retaining the small kapchai design at the same time, therefore water-cooling system which has better cooling efficiency is used.
Fuel injection (2008 Yamaha Spark 135i in Thailand only) for cleaner emission and better efficiency than the carbureted version.
Carburetor with throttle position sensor and accelerator pump (other countries) - The Y135LC uses Mikuni VM22 carburetor equipped with throttle position sensor for more precise ignition timing, increasing the engine's efficiency, and also an accelerator pump for better acceleration and instant response during take-off.
Catalytic converter - Even though most 4-stroke kapchai models are capable to surpass strict emission standards without even using the catalytic converters, Yamaha has taken an initiative to install a catalytic converter to the Y135LC to surpass even stricter emission standards in the future.
Sport rims with tubeless tires (standard for Malaysian models only)

12/02/2008

Yamaha Vino Show Off

By Flywheel 11:03 PM scooters, Vino 6 comments

My recent post was about Yamaha Vino, the next Yamaha scooter model. Since my focus was on Malaysia, so it is expected that the scooter will realeased in 2009. It looks really cute and more feminine. Maybe Yamaha Motor Corporation aiming to attract women to choose Yamaha Vino as their transport.
Yesterday I found Yamaha Vino at Motorcycle Thai blog. I'm a bit surprised, since I never know that Yamaha Vino already released in Thailand. Eventhough we are neighboring country, but it doesn't mean we will launch any model at the same time. Let's take a look at this adorable Vino. Hopefully, this will encourage you to produce more creative and extreme modification on Vino.

11/28/2008

2009 Vino 125

By Flywheel 11:05 AM 125, scooters 2 comments

We are nearly at the end of 2008. Goodbye 2008 and welcome 2009. And we will have another new model of Yamaha bike for the next year. But it's a scooter model. Whatever! But still Yamaha is the best and evergreen.

9/28/2008

Sorry!

By Flywheel 5:31 AM Personal 2 comments

Sorry 2 make all of u waiting. I'm really bz at the moment. But i'll return with more article soon. Thanks and please come back again..

8/12/2008

RXZ Catalyzer 1st Edition (2001)

By Flywheel 4:23 PM design, RXZ 5 comments

Sorry for my late post. I was busy looking for any material to blog. And luckyly I got a catalogue of Yamaha RXZ Catalyzer 1st Edition from my friend-Ah Keong. Yamaha took courageous steps to redesign Yamaha RXZ. It was the 3rd generation with full aerodynamic design due to the millennium year of 2001. This time it definitely redesign, some people say it was new born coz it really have different look from the past model. The catalyzer exhaust system also good for it's friendly environment and didn't make more noise. More over it produce more torque, refer to the riders opinion.

7/25/2008

Catalyzer-What is it?

By Flywheel 5:57 AM 125z, Maintenence, RXZ 5 comments

My previous post is pointing about Yamaha 125 Z 1st design. And I'd mentioned that it was produced with catalyzer exhaust system. Also the all new brand Yamaha RXZ, began using the catalyzer exhaust system since year 2004 and Yamaha 135LC on 2006. So, I'm going to describe and giving you some info, what catalyzer is all about. Below is the picture of RXZ catalyzer exhaust.

Before you know about catalyzer, you should know what is catalysis actually. So let's take a look at the article below, quoted from Wikipedia.

Catalysis is the process in which the rate of a chemical reaction is increased by means of a chemical substance known as a catalyst. Unlike other reagents that participate in the chemical reaction, a catalyst is not consumed. Thus, the catalyst may participate in multiple chemical transformations, although in practice catalysts are sometimes consumed in secondary processes.

Background

The production of most industrially important chemicals involves catalysis. Research into catalysis is a major field in applied science and involves many areas of chemistry, notably in organometallic chemistry, and materials science. Catalysis is important in many aspects of environmental science, from the catalytic converter in automobiles to the causes of the ozone hole. Catalytic reactions are preferred in environmentally friendly green chemistry due to the reduced amount of waste generated,[1] as opposed to stoichiometric reactions in which all reactants are consumed and more side products are formed. The most common catalyst is the proton (H+). Many transition metals and transition metal complexes are used in catalysis as well.

A catalyst works by providing an alternative reaction pathway to the reaction product. The rate of the reaction is increased as this alternative route has a lower activation energy than the reaction route not mediated by the catalyst. The disproportionation of hydrogen peroxide to give water and oxygen is a reaction that is strongly affected by catalysts:

2 H2O2 → 2 H2O + O2

This reaction is favoured in the sense that reaction products are more stable than the starting material, however the uncatalysed reaction is slow. The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is in fact so slow that hydrogen peroxide solutions are commercially available. Upon the addition of a small amount of manganese dioxide, the hydrogen peroxide rapidly reacts according to the above equation. This effect is readily seen by the effervescence of oxygen.[2] The manganese dioxide may be recovered unchanged, and re-used indefinitely, and thus is not consumed in the reaction. Accordingly, manganese dioxide catalyses this reaction.[3]

General principles of catalysis

Typical mechanism

Main article: catalytic cycle

Catalysts generally react with one or more reactants to form an intermediate that subsequently give the final reaction product, in the process regenerating the catalyst. The following is a typical reaction scheme, where C represents the catalyst, A and B are reactants, and D is the product of the reaction of A and B:

A + C → AC (1)

B + AC → ABC (2)

ABC → CD (3)

CD → C + D (4)

Although the catalyst is consumed by reaction 1, it is subsequently produced by reaction 4, so for the overall reaction:

A + B → D

As a catalyst is regenerated in a reaction, often only small amounts are needed to increase the rate of the reaction. In practice, however, catalysts are sometimes consumed in secondary processes.

Catalysis and reaction energetics

Generic potential energy diagram showing the effect of a catalyst in an hypothetical exothermic chemical reaction. The presence of the catalyst opens a different reaction pathway (shown in red) with a lower activation energy. The final result and the overall thermodynamics are the same.

Catalysts work by providing an (alternative) mechanism involving a different transition state and lower activation energy. The effect of this is that more molecular collisions have the energy needed to reach the transition state. Hence, catalysts can perform reactions that, albeit thermodynamically feasible, would not run without the presence of a catalyst, or perform them much faster, more specific, or at lower temperatures. This can be observed on a Boltzmann distribution and energy profile diagram. This means that catalysts reduce the amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction.

Catalysts do not change the favorableness of a reaction: they have no effect on the chemical equilibrium of a reaction because the rate of both the forward and the reverse reaction are both affected (see also thermodynamics). The net free energy change of a reaction is the same whether a catalyst is used or not; the catalyst just makes it easier to activate.

The SI derived unit for measuring the catalytic activity of a catalyst is the katal, which is moles per second. The activity of a catalyst can also be described by the turn over number (or TON) and the catalytic efficiency by the turn over frequency (TOF). The biochemical equivalent is the enzyme unit. For more information on the efficiency of enzymatic catalysis see the Enzyme#Kinetics section.

Factors that affect catalytic rates

Catalysis manifests itself in accelerated rates of reactions, and thus many catalytic systems are analyzed with attention to how those rates are affected, beyond the usual parameters that affect all reactions, e.g. temperature, pressure, and concentration. In autocatalysis, a reaction produces catalysts, thus the rates of reactions subject to autocatalysis accelerate with time.

Some molecules inhibit catalysis by competing for the active sites. The strongest inhibitors are called poisons. Many catalysts used in petrochemical applications lose activity due to poisoning. Such catalysts are regenerated and reused multiple times to save costs and energy and to reduce environmental impact from disposal of spent catalysts.

In "product inhibition," the rate of catalysis is slowed by the presence of products. When the equilibrium constant for a reaction is very high, however, rates can appear unaffected by the presence of products. In the catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes, for example, one does not observe inhibition by alkanes.

Typical catalytic materials

The chemical nature of catalysts is as diverse as catalysis itself, although some generalizations can be made. Proton acids are probably the most widely used catalysts, especially for the many reactions involving water, including hydrolyses and its reverse. Multifunctional solids often are catalytically active, e.g. zeolites, alumina, certain forms of graphitic carbon. Transition metals are often used to catalyse redox reactions (oxidation, hydrogenation). Many catalytic processes, especially those involving hydrogen, require platinum metals.

Some so-called catalysts are really "precatalysts." Precatalysts convert to catalysts in the reaction. For example, Wilkinson's catalyst RhCl(PPh₃)₃ loses one triphenylphosphine ligand before entering the true catalytic cycle. Precatalysts are easier to store but are easily activated in situ. Because of this preactivation step, many catalytic reactions involve an induction period.

Types of catalysis

Catalysts can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous, depending on whether a catalyst exists in the same phase as the substrate. Biocatalysts are often seen as a separate group.

Heterogeneous catalysts

Main article: Heterogeneous catalysis

Heterogeneous catalysts are present in different phases from the reactants. Most heterogeneous catalysts are solids that act on substrates in a liquid or gaseous reaction mixture. Diverse mechanisms for reactions on surfaces are known, depending

on how the adsorption takes place (Langmuir-Hinshelwood and Eley-Rideal).^[4]

For example, in the Haber process, finely divided iron serves as a catalyst for the synthesis of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen. The reacting gases adsorb onto "active sites" on the iron particles. Once adsorbed, the bonds within the reacting molecules are weakened, and new bonds between the resulting fragments form in part due to their close proximity. In this way the particularly strong triple bond in nitrogen is weakened and the hydrogen and nitrogen atoms combine faster than would be the case in the gas phase, so the rate of reaction increases.

Heterogeneous catalysts are typically “supported,” which means that the catalyst is dispersed on a second material that enhances the effectiveness o

r minimizes their cost. Sometimes the support is merely a surface upon which the catalyst is spread to increase the surface area. More often, the support and the catalyst interact, affecting the catalytic reaction.

Heterogeneous catalysts are often "supported" on complex structures to maximize surface area.

Electrocatalysts

In the context of electrochemistry, specifically in fuel cell engineering, various metal-containing catalysts are used to enhance the rates of the half reactions that comprise the fuel cell. One common type of fuel cell electrocatalyst is based upon nanoparticles of platinum that are supported on slightly larger carbon particles. When this platinum electrocatalyst is in contact with one of the electrodes in a fuel cell, it increases the rate of oxygen reduction to water (or hydroxide or hydrogen peroxide).

Homogeneous catalysts

Main article: Homogeneous catalysis

Homogeneous catalysts function in the same phase as the reactants, but the mechanistic principles invoked in heterogeneous catalysis are generally applicable. Typically homogeneous catalysts are dissolved in a solvent with the substrates. One example of homogeneous catalysis involves the influence of H⁺ on the esterification of esters, e.g. methyl acetate from acetic acid and methanol.^[5] For inorganic chemists, homogeneous catalysis is often synonymous with organometallic catalysts.

Organocatalysis

Main article: Organocatalysis

Whereas transition metals sometimes attract most of the attention in the study of catalysis, organic molecules without metals can also possess catalytic properties. Typically, organic catalysts require a higher loading (or amount of catalyst per unit amount of reactant) than transition metal-based catalysts, but these catalysts are usually commercially available in bulk, helping to reduce costs. In the early 2000s, organocatalysts were considered "new generation" and are competitive to traditional metal-containing catalysts. Enzymatic reactions operate via the principles of organic catalysis.

Significance of catalysis

Estimates are that 90% of all commercially produced chemical products involve catalysts at some stage in the process of their manufacture.^[6] In 2005, catalytic processes generated about $900 billion in products worldwide.(pdf) Catalysis is so pervasive that subareas are not readily classified. Some areas of particular concentration are surveyed below.

Energy processing

Petroleum refining makes intensive use of catalysis for alkylation, catalytic cracking (breaking long-chain hydrocarbons into smaller pieces), naphtha reforming, steam reforming (conversion of hydrocarbons into synthesis gas). Even the exhaust from the burning of fossil fuels are treated via catalysis: Catalytic converters, typically composed of platinum and rhodium, break down some of the more harmful byproducts of automobile exhaust.

2 CO + 2 NO → 2 CO₂ + N₂

With regards to synthetic fuels, an old but still important process is the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of hydrocarbons from synthesis gas, which itself is processed via water-gas shift reactions, catalysed by iron. Biodiesel and related biofuels require processing via both inorganic and biocatalysts.

Fuel cells rely on catalysts for both the anodic and cathodic reactions.

Heavy chemicals

Some of the largest scale chemicals are produced via catalytic oxidation, often using oxygen. Examples include nitric acid (from ammonia), sulfuric acid (from sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide by the chamber process), terephthalic acid from p-xylene, and acrylonitrile from propane and ammonia.

Many other chemical products are generated by large-scale reduction, often via hydrogenation. The largest-scale example is ammonia, which is prepared via the Haber process from nitrogen. Methanol is prepared from carbon monoxide.

Bulk polymers derived from ethylene and propylene are often prepared via Ziegler-Natta catalysis. Polyesters, polyamides, and isocyanates via acid-base catalysis.

Most carbonylation processes require metal catalysts, examples include the Monsanto acetic acid process and hydroformylation.

Fine chemicals

Many fine chemicals are prepared via catalysis; methods include those of heavy industry as well as more specialized processes that would be prohibitively expensive on a large scale. Examples include olefin metathesis using Grubbs' catalyst, the Heck reaction, and Friedel-Crafts reactions.

Because most bioactive compounds are chiral, many pharmaceuticals are produced by enantioselective catalysis.

Food processing

One of the most obvious applicatoins of catalysis is the hydrogenation (reaction with hydrogen gas) of fats using nickel catalyst to give margarine.^[7] Many other foodstuffs are prepared via biocatalysis (see below).

Biology

Main article: Biocatalysis

In nature, enzymes are catalysts in metabolism and catabolism. Most biocatalysts are protein-based, i.e. enzymes, but other classes of biomolecules also exhibit catalytic properties including abzymes, ribozymes, and synthetic deoxyribozymes.

Biocatalysts can be thought of as intermediate between homogenous and heterogeneous catalysts, although strictly speaking soluble enzymes are homogeneous catalysts and membrane-bound enzymes are heterogeneous. Several factors affect the activity of enzymes (and other catalysts) including temperature, pH, concentration of enzyme, substrate, and products. A particularly important reagent in enzymatic reactions is water, which is the product of many bond-forming reactions and a reactant in many bond-breaking processes.

Enzymes are employed to prepare many commodity chemicals including high-fructose corn syrup and acrylamide.

In the environment

Catalysis impacts the environment by increasing the efficiency of industrial processes, but catalysis also directly plays a direct role in the environment. A notable example is the catalytic role of Chlorine free radicals in the break down of ozone. These radicals are formed by the action of ultraviolet radiation on chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).

Cl^· + O₃ → ClO^· + O₂

ClO^· + O^· → Cl^· + O₂

History

In a general sense, anything that increases the rate of any process is often called a "catalyst,"a term derived from Greek καταλύειν, meaning "to annul," or "to untie," or "to pick up." The phrase catalysed processes was coined by Jöns Jakob Berzelius in 1836^[8] to describe reactions that are accelerated by substances that remain unchanged after the reaction. Other early chemists involved in catalysis were Alexander Mitscherlich who in 1831^{[citation needed]} referred to contact processes and Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner who spoke of contact action and whose lighter based on hydrogen and a platinum sponge became a huge commercial success in the 1820’s. Humphrey Davy discovered the use of platinum in catalysis. In the 1880s, Wilhelm Ostwald at Leipzig University started a series of systematic investigations into reactions that were catalyzed by the presence of acids and bases, and found both that chemical reactions occur at finite rates, and that these rates can be used to determine the strengths of acids and bases. For this work, Ostwald was awarded the 1909 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.^[9]

References

^ "The 12 Principles of Green Chemistry". United States Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved on 2006-07-31.
^ "Genie in a Bottle". University of Minnesota (2005-03-02).
^ Masel, Richard I. “Chemical Kinetics and Catalysis” Wiley-Interscience, New York, 2001. ISBN 0471241970.
^ Helmut Knözinger, Karl Kochloefl “Heterogeneous Catalysis and Solid Catalysts” in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2002, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a05_313. Article Online Posting Date: January 15, 2003
^ Arno Behr “Organometallic Compounds and Homogeneous Catalysis” Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2002, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a18_215. Article Online Posting Date: June 15, 2000
^ "Recognizing the Best in Innovation: Breakthrough Catalyst". R&D Magazine, September 2005, pg 20.
^ "Types of catalysis". Chemguide. Retrieved on 2008-07-09.
^ K.J. Laidler and J.H. Meiser, Physical Chemistry, Benjamin/Cummings (1982), p.423
^ M.W. Roberts (2000). "Birth of the catalytic concept (1800-1900)". Catalysis Letters 67 (1): 1–4. doi:10.1023/A:1016622806065.

External links

Look up Catalysis in
Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Science Aid: Catalysts Page for high school level science
W.A. Herrmann Technische Universität presentation [1]
Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
Carbons & Catalysts Group, University of Concepcion, Chile

7/23/2008

1st Yamaha 125 Z Design

By Flywheel 10:38 PM 125z, decal, design 1 comment

This time I would like to share a few picture of the 1st Yamaha 125 Z model. Yamaha 125Z is
underbone cub powered by 2 stroke 125cc Yamaha engine. Entering Malaysian market in early 1997,(forgive me if I'm mistaken) it got hot reception among Malaysian rider.It has top
of the range everything: originally 125cc high revving engine, Brembo duobloc brakes, catalyzer exhaust and aeorodynamic nice design so it fulfilled riders desire in it class. For the 1st edition, as you can see, it came out with non sport rim-with scale 17 inch rim. Despite of this blemish factor, it’s still have originally high revving engine makes it very familiar among youth of Malaysia. Unfortunately,they gone wild-racing at the road in the hustle bustle of the city even in the village! Not just racing, they also love to make show off and performance to show their skills such as burn out, wheelie, "whee-kang"(rear wheelie) and more dangerous trick. Then the title of "Mat Rempit" spread all over Malaysia. Mat Rempit refer to the riders who ride motorcycle rapidly, and in dangerous way. Ok, I'll tell you more bout it soon. Now look down below, the 1st design of Yamaha 125z. The 1st decal quite simple for me but still represent it's hot and powerful performance...

All this photos is credited to bikepics.com

7/17/2008

Insistence

By Flywheel 10:12 PM Personal 1 comment

Readers pressure made me a bit stress. They urged me to write something more specific
about any Yamaha (motorcycle) model coz they are really interested in Yamaha RXZ 135,
Yamaha 125 Z, Yamaha 135 LC, and Yamaha Ego. All this bike names

refer to Malaysia due
to my most visitor come from Malaysia. Instead the pressure, I’m thankful for their response. It shows their loyalty, support to this blog :D Okay...then I'll start to post about it soon.
But I'm wondering where to start? Which model must I start with? Actually I'm facing problem to collect info from Malaysia coz I'm away from it now. Huh~ but I'll try my best. Mm..if anyone of you could help me to gather the info, oh thanks a lot dude. Feel free to share with me. Let's contribute for this blog...

7/06/2008

Safety First!

By Flywheel 5:17 PM How to, Tips 3 comments

Hi, today i would talk about safety. Safety is still the most important thing that should be aware by anyone those assembling the vehicle. It is at this moment, when protection is indispensable. To avoid accidents and cases of unjustified, the quality of equipment and vehicles should be used.

In connection with motorists who need optimal security and protection to perform routine effectively. To achieve this goal, gear, accessories and motorcycle parts reliably be used. The driver of the motorcycle is exciting routine. It is not biker dude on other items. Nevertheless, drivers should be used as a protective shield in more detail at this motorcycle parts that are durable and reliable. The fact that the driver needs a helmet, trousers, boots, jackets gloves, and much more, motorcycle shops are now available via Internet access. They each driver has a one-stop shop for all their needs at affordable prices. Distance is not a disadvantage, because these stores offer delivery directly to your door. Most of them are dealers who serve in the Internet market motorcycle

parts, services and accessories for Honda, Suzuki, Yamaha, Harley-Davidson, Kawasaki ", BMW, Triumph, Ducati and Cobra. It also gives valuable information for motorcycle enthusiasts.

Each driver has different styles and needs. Ryder may be a child or adult, amateur or professional, male or female. They prefer a different design, style, color and comfort when they are riding on their motorbikes. We call this difference individually. The difference results of individual and individual needs. To accommodate these different needs, a wide range of options should be available. This is not a problem. The motorcycle shops can be obtained. With just a click of a mouse, rider can buy everything you need.

There are other factors to drivers of motorcycles, which require the same attention as the weather conditions, road and the motorcycle itself. No one knows whether it would be rainy or sunny day, so you need to keep handy accessories to assist the cyclist in their difficult times. There are many motorcycles and accessories shops, which has built its name, and they have built in the consistency and accuracy. That is why we will win the overwhelming confidence of riders.

It is unwise to risk their lives, relying on unreliable animals. The quality of art and motorcycle parts, you enjoy a risk, and even more rugged trip!

Great discounts are also available for all fans on motorcycles. Now riders do not have to worry about the cost, since it is not necessary to make the price of hot parts of motorcycles superiority! As a conclusion, remember those who love you. So you would consider to remain safety aspect when riding.

6/27/2008

2 VS 4 (Motorcycle Stroke Engines)

By Flywheel 8:34 PM Tips 7 comments

Hi, we meet again in the new entry. This entry is important for them to choose whether 2 or 4 stroke engine. It was a same story with me, when I decide to have my own motorcycle. Ok, let's always start with the basics. If you go the more complex without having to know the basics, you'll end up back in the same field. Thus, messing and missing a lot.

Even in the case of the motorcycle, you need to know the different parts of motorcycles, their function and the distinction in order to understand the chemistry and their importance. Take internal combustion engine as an example. The best way to start is to have a comparison. You should know the types of engines in order to decide what is good for you. You must consider its advantages and disadvantages ...

We have two types of motorcycle engines - the two stroke and four-stroke engines. The first involves a process of two - compression and combustion. On the other hand, the cycle in the four-stroke engines to the reception, compression, combustion and exhaust.

If we want to give their advantages here are some. In the two-stroke engines, fire engine, lighting candles once a revolution of the crankshaft. These are simple process with fewer parts. Its power is twice as compared to the four-stroke engines. Regarding the four-stroke engines, they must master the use of gas. They also emit less smoke than two-stroke engines. Above all, they last longer.

What about disadvantages? With both engines, you have to mix oil with gas. This can be costly. They can also give more pollutants. The use of natural gas is also competent word. Finally, they had less. With the four-stroke engines, their disadvantages, including their nature complex because there are several parties to participate, they fire once every two revolutions, and half as powerful as the two engines.

After knowing the positive and negative aspects of these two types of engine, you can now determine which of the two you like best. It's just a question of what you like and what works for you. Hope my article, my opinion helps you a lot! C ya!...

How to Change the Clutch

By Flywheel 8:01 PM How to, Maintenence, Tips 1 comment

Oh boy! I almost forget to publish this article. Huh(~sigh) Actually, this entry is responsed and linked to the previous entry as the last one tell us about how clutches works. And now let's have a tutorial on method-how to change the clutch.. Enjoy it.. It jez simple as I do it by myself before.

6/26/2008

How Clutches Work

By Flywheel 3:35 AM How to, Maintenence, Tips 5 comments

Hi everybody. Today I would like to share a video with all of you. It's about how clutch work. It's a video showing car clutch system, but actually it's pretty close, same with motorcycle clutch system. Let's study the video, so we can understand how it works. Hopefully we can repair it by ourselves or at least we know what's problem we are facing, in case our clutch having problem some how, someday.

Ok, did u enjoy the video? Everything is clear for you? Haha. Ok, let me describe in a long+detailed description. Firstly let me inform all of you that clutch is a term referring to a mechanism for transmitting rotation. This rotation can be either engaged or disengaged. When the clutch is engaged, there is no pressure on the lever. On the other hand, pulling the lever back towards you will disengage the clutch plates. Doing this will allow you to shift gears.

Basically, clutch is popular as it is a subcomponent of a motor vehicle. On motorcycles, the clutch is operated by the clutch lever, located on the left handlebar. From idle, the engine speed will increase while engaging. Raising your engine speed too high will cause excessive clutch plate wear and cause a harsh, jerky start. This type of start is used in drag racing and other competitions. Clutch accessories work together to attain the desired starting performance of your motorcycle bike. On the left-hand handlebar grip, your bike lever clutch is positioned. The engine and transmission is disconnected as you pull the clutch lever toward you. By doing so, you allow easily shift gears. Clutch lever is connected to a cable which goes to the physical clutch release mechanism. It can also be hydraulically operated. Broken clutch cables are eliminated by the use of a hydraulic clutch.

Friction plates are the major working components of a motorcycle clutch. They take the abuse and wear of daily riding and since they are built as a consumable item, they wear out and need to be replaced. You can do things in order to extend the life of your clutch. Topping the list is to make sure all clutch accessories and components are properly positioned or adjusted. Maintaining proper lubrication of your wet clutch is also necessary. Oil in a wet clutch functions as a coolant. The oil in the primary chain case flows around the clutch plates and friction plates. You should change clutch oil as often as necessary by using quality oil at the proper viscosity. To minimize excessive slipping, you will need to adjust your riding style. This is because over slipping can cause too much heat resulting in rapid wear. Should the clutch components become weak, replace them with the best clutch parts available in the motorcycle store near you. Choosing high quality clutch accessories or components will definitely save money in the long run.

Lastly I want to remind that a good caring for clutch is indeed so it'll work well. Don't forget that clutch is a part of big factor to make sure your motorcycle "pick-up" at the start as you pull the throttle. Hope this article benefit you. Till then.. Vroooooooooom!!!

6/14/2008

Funny+Creative

By Flywheel 7:05 PM Funny 1 comment

Having no mood for today, instead I still wanna share with you out there a funny+creative video about motorcycle. Just take a look here and enjoy yourself :D

nice huh? =p

6/13/2008

By Flywheel 4:57 PM 2 comments

Paving the Road to Yamaha Motor Corporation, USA

"I want to carry out trial manufacture of motorcycle engines." It was from these words spoken by Genichi Kawakami (Yamaha Motor's first president) in 1953, that today's Yamaha Motor Company was born.

Genichi Kawakami was the first son of Kaichi Kawakami, the third-generation president of Nippon Gakki (musical instruments and electronics; presently Yamaha Corporation). Genichi studied and graduated from Takachiho Higher Commercial School in March of 1934. In July of 1937, he was the second Kawakami to join the Nippon Gakki Company.

He quickly rose to positions of manager of the company's Tenryu Factory Company (musical instruments) and then Senior General Manager, before assuming the position of fourth-generation President in 1950 at the young age of 38.

In 1953, Genichi was looking for a way to make use of idle machining equipment that had previously been used to make aircraft propellers. Looking back on the founding of Yamaha Motor Company, Genichi had this to say. "While the company was performing well and had some financial leeway, I felt the need to look for our next area of business. So, I did some research." He explored producing many products, including sewing machines, auto parts, scooters, three-wheeled utility vehicles, and…motorcycles. Market and competitive factors led him to focus on the motorcycle market. Genichi actually visited the United States many times during this period.

When asked about this decision, he said, "I had my research division chief and other managers visit leading motorcycle factories around the country. They came back and told me there was still plenty of opportunity, even if we were entering the market late. I didn't want to be completely unprepared in this unfamiliar business so we toured to German factories before setting out to build our first 125cc bike. I joined in this tour around Europe during which my chief engineers learned how to build motorbikes. We did as much research as possible to insure that we could build a bike as good as any out there. Once we had that confidence, we started going."
The first Yamaha motorcycle... the YA-1.

"If you are going to make it, make it the very best there is." With these words as their motto, the development team poured all their energies into building the first prototype, and ten months later in August of 1954 the first model was complete. It was the Yamaha YA-1. The bike was powered by an air-cooled, 2-stroke, single cylinder 125cc engine. Once finished, it was put through an unprecedented 10,000 km endurance test to ensure that its quality was top-class. This was destined to be the first crystallization of what has now become a long tradition of Yamaha creativity and an inexhaustible spirit of challenge.

Then, in January of 1955 the Hamakita Factory of Nippon Gakki was built and production began on the YA-1. With confidence in the new direction that Genichi was taking, Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd. was founded on July 1, 1955. Staffed by 274 enthusiastic employees, the new motorcycle manufacturer built about 200 units per month.

That same year, Yamaha entered its new YA-1 in the two biggest race events in Japan. They were the 3rd Mt. Fuji Ascent Race and the 1st Asama Highlands Race. In these debut races Yamaha won the 125cc class. And, the following year the YA-1 won again in both the Light and Ultra-light classes of the Asama Highlands Race.

By 1956, a second model was ready for production. This was the YC1, a 175cc single cylinder two-stroke. In 1957 Yamaha began production of its first 250cc, two-stroke twin, the YD1.
The first Yamaha to compete in America (1957).

Based on Genichi's firm belief that a product isn't a product until it can hold it's own around the world, in 1958 Yamaha became the first Japanese maker to venture into the international race arena. The result was an impressive 6th place in the Catalina Grand Prix race in the USA. News of this achievement won immediate recognition for the high level of Yamaha technology not only in Japan but among American race fans, as well. This was only the start, however.

Yamaha took quick action using the momentum gained in the USA and began marketing their motorcycles through an independent distributor in California. In 1958, Cooper Motors began selling the YD-1 250 and the MF-1 (50cc, two-stroke, single cylinder, step through street bike). Then in 1960, Yamaha International Corporation began selling motorcycles in the USA through dealers.

With the overseas experiences under his belt, in 1960, Genichi then turned his attention to the Marine industry and the production of the first Yamaha boats and outboard motors. This was the beginning of an aggressive expansion into new fields utilizing the new engines and FRP (fiberglass reinforced plastic) technologies. The first watercraft model was the CAT-21, followed by the RUN-13 and the P-7 123cc outboard motor.

In 1963, Yamaha demonstrated its focus on cutting-edge, technological innovations by developing the Autolube System. This landmark solution was a separate oil injection system for two-stroke models, eliminating the inconvenience of pre-mixing fuel and oil.

Yamaha was building a strong reputation as a superior manufacturer which was reflected in its first project carried out in the new Iwata, Japan Plant, built in 1966. (The YMC headquarters was moved to Iwata in 1972.) Toyota and Yamaha teamed up to produce the highly regarded Toyota 2000 GT sports car. This very limited edition vehicle, still admired for its performance and craftsmanship, created a sensation among enthusiast in Japan and abroad.

Genichi said, "I believe that the most important thing when building a product is to always keep in mind the standpoint of the people who will use it." An example of the commitment to "walking in the customers' shoes" was the move in 1966 by Yamaha to continue its expansion. Overseas motorcycle manufacturing was established in Thailand and Mexico. In 1968, the globalization continued with Brazil and the Netherlands. With manufacturing bases, distributors and R&D operations in a market, Yamaha could be involved in grassroots efforts to build products that truly met the needs of each market by respecting and valuing the distinct national sensibilities and customs of each country. Yamaha continues that tradition, today.

By the late 1960s, Yamaha had quality products that had proven themselves in the global marketplace based on superior performance and innovation. Distribution and product diversity were on the right track. But Genichi knew that beyond quality, success would demand more. He had this view on the power of original ideas. "In the future, a company's future will hinge on ideas over and above quality. Products that have no character, nothing unique about them, will not sell no matter how well made or affordable…and that would spell doom for any company."

He also knew that forward vision, walking hand in hand with original ideas, would create an opportunity for the company and its customers that could mean years of happiness and memorable experiences. Genichi said, "In the business world today, so many people are obsessed with figures. They become fixated on the numbers of the minute and without them are too afraid to do any real work. But in fact, every situation is in flux from moment to moment, developing with a natural flow. Unless one reads that flow, it is impossible to start out in a new field of business."

A real-world illustration of this belief is the Yamaha DT-1. The world's first true off-road motorcycle debuted in 1968 to create an entirely new genre we know today as trail bikes. The DT-1 made a huge impact on motorcycling in the USA because it was truly dirt worthy. Yamaha definitely "read the flow" when it produced
"Make every challenge an opportunity."
Genichi Kawakami

the 250cc, single cylinder, 2-stroke, Enduro that put Yamaha On/Off-Road moto

rcycles on the map in the USA. The DT-1 exemplified the power of original ideas, forward vision, and quick action coupled with keeping in mind the customers' desires.

In years to come Yamaha continued to grow (and continues to this day). Diversity increased with the addition of products including snowmobiles, race kart engines, generators, scooters, ATVs, personal watercraft and more.

Genichi Kawakami set the stage for Yamaha Motor Company's success with his vision and philosophies. Total honesty towards the customer and making products that hold their own enables the company that serves people in thirty-three countries, to provide an improved lifestyle through exceptional quality, high performance products.
Yamaha Motor Corporation, USA Cypress, California

Genichi Kawakami's history with Yamaha was long and rich. He saw the new corporate headquarters in Cypress, California and the 25th Anniversary of Yamaha become a reality in 1980. He also watched bike #20 million roll off the assembly line in 1982. Genichi passed away on May 25, 2002 yet his vision lives on through the people and products of Yamaha, throughout the world.

source-
http://www.yamaha-motor.com/corporate/foundinghistory.aspx